The Louvre began life in the late 12th century when Philip II (or Philip Augustus), the first person to be officially known as the King of France and one of medieval Europe’s most successful rulers, began construction on a defensive outpost near what was then the western border of Paris, along the bank of the River Seine. Designed to prevent invasions from the north, the arsenal included bastions at each corner, a surrounding moat and a massive, 98-foot-tall fortified tower, or keep, at its center. In the 14th century, with the city having spread far beyond its borders during Philip’s reign, a new series of defenses was constructed on the outskirts of Paris, and the fortress ceased to be used for defensive purposes. Today, visitors to the Louvre can view the remains of part of the fortress’ medieval masonry in the 13th century Salle Basse, or Lower Hall.
A pyramid - Une pyramide
A glass building - un bâtiment de verre
The Mona Lisa - La Joconde
The Raft of the Medusa - Le Radeau de la Méduse
An Egyptian sculpture - Une sculpture égyptienne
Baked Camembert
A pigeon - un pigeon

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